<p>The Twaddle Mansion was built for rancher Ebenezer "Eben" Twaddle in Reno, Nevada. The two-story frame house was built in 1905 by contractor Benjamin Leon in the Colonial Revival style, an unusual choice for Nevada, and executed with particular opulence.</p><br>
<p>The house features a richly ornamented first floor. The entry porch features clusters of Ionic columns supporting a frieze and pediment. The curving porch extends around the house to the west, echoing the houses corner lot placement. The east side features an extensively decorated hooded window. The porch columns are linked by turned balusters. Corners are marked with two-story Ionic pilasters. The second floor is more restrained in its detailing, almost to the point of relative austerity compared with the first. The houses windows are fitted with beveled glass. Eaves are supported by brackets interspersed with decorative relief over the second floor windows. The hipped roof is outfitted with small dormers with diamond-pane windows.</p><br>
<p>Eben Twaddle was a Reno-area rancher and was a six-term Reno city councilman, hospital administrator, school board representative and fire marshal. After the passage of liberalized divorce laws in Reno, it became a temporary residence for applicants observing the mandatory local residence time for divorce.</p><br>
<p>The house later became a religious center for the Baháʼí Faith, and then was converted to commercial use. The Twaddle Mansion was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. Laurence Peter Digesti, a local Reno attorney, purchased the mansion in the 1990s and renovated the inside so that it now is The Digesti Law Firm LLP.</p><br>
<p>Chilocco Indian School  was an agricultural school for Native Americans on reserved land in north-central Oklahoma from 1884 to 1980. It was approximately 20 miles north of Ponca City, Oklahoma and seven miles north of Newkirk, Oklahoma, near the Kansas border. The name "Chilocco" is apparently derived from the Creek tci lako, which literally meant "big deer" but typically referred to a horse.</p><br>
<p>In 1912, the Oklahoma Supreme Court heard a case over an election dispute involving whisky and whether the Chilocco reservation was part of Kay County and the state of Oklahoma or "Indian Territory". The USA Supreme Court ruled that school land was not an Indian Reservation, that the school was an off-reservation entity, and that the word reservation had various meanings and the area was not reserved as Indian territory.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>The USA Congress in 1882 authorized the creation of five non-reservation boarding schools. Chilocco was one of the five which also included Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania, Haskell Indian Nations University in Kansas, Chemawa Indian School in Oregon, and Fort Simcoe in Washington. Major James M. Haworth, first Superintendent of Indian Schools, selected a site for the school along Chilocco Creek. The Indian Territory land was set aside for the school by an 1884 executive order signed by 21st President of the United States Chester Arthur.</p><br>
<p>Chilocco was located in the Cherokee Outlet or Cherokee Strip and the Cherokee provided 8,640 acres (35 square kilometers) of land to help Chilocco fulfill its mandate for agricultural education.</p><br>
<h2>Objective and curriculum</h2><br>
<p>Chilocco provided academic and vocational education to American Indian students from all tribes in the United States. Its objective, like other American Indian residential schools, was to integrate and assimilate American Indians into the mainstream of American life. Until the 1930s, the school relied on a highly structured and strict military regime.</p><br>
<p>Students "remember twenty-two bugle calls a day, Government-issue uniforms, scanty meals, inadequate health care, and a paucity of individual attention." The school was "home and haven to some, reformatory and prison to others." Instruction focused mostly on vocational training rather than academic subjects and students were required to perform manual and domestic labor known as "actual work." Not only was education primarily vocational, it was often rudimentary in comparison to the education of white contemporaries. Native girls were being trained "not to labor in their homes but as employees of white women or the boarding schools that trained them. The Chilocco school aimed to teach Native girls subservience, and did not have a true stake in their education." Students were required to attend Christian religious services once a week."</p><br>
<p>A 1928 report critical of the Indian boarding schools led to reforms in the 1930s. "Boys and girls could sit together in the dining rooms, more attention was invested in academic work, and drudgery work devoted to school upkeep was cut back." The curriculum at the school focused on agricultural trades, including horseshoeing and blacksmithing, but also included building trades, printing, shoe repair, tailoring, leather work, and in later years plumbing, electrical work, welding, auto mechanics, food services and office education.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The school opened in 1884 with 150 students from the Cheyenne, Arapaho, Wichita, Comanche, and Pawnee tribes.</p><br>
<p>Enrollment declined during the 1920s and the elementary school was closed, but with the onset of the Great Depression in 1929, enrollment increased because of growing poverty among Indians. As one graduate said, "It wasn&#39;t a matter of enjoying, it meant we were educated, clothed, fed, and had a roof over our head." gave his hunting rifle to Chilocco in 1885. It was returned to the Nez Percé when the school was closed in 1980.</p><br>
<p>In 1949, a special program for Navajo youth began. Enrollment at Chilocco peaked at about 1,300 in the 1950s. Thereafter, enrollment declined as many Indians had access to public schools and a boarding school was no longer essential to their education. In the 1970s, activists from American Indian organizations criticized abuses and, in 1972, the National Indian Youth Council staged a sit-in at the school. By the late 1970s only about 100 students still lived at the school.</p><br>
<h2>After closure</h2><br>
<p>The Chilocco School closed on June 3, 1980 when the USA Congress ceased funding. In the school&#39;s 1980 yearbook, Superintendent C. C. Tillman wrote, "Chilocco is another in a long list of broken promises." During its history nearly 18,000 students from 126 Indian tribes attended Chilocco. Chilocco granted high school diplomas to 5,542 students. Graduates included 688 Cherokees, 573 Choctaw, 545 Navajo, and 452 Creek divided between 2,741 females and 2,801 males.</p><br>
<p>After closure, the school&#39;s land was granted to five local tribes as the Chilocco Development Authority; the Kaw Nation (.10 mineral interest), the Otoe-Missouria Tribe (.10 mineral interest), the Pawnee Nation (.10 mineral interest), the Ponca Nation (.10 mineral interest), and the Tonkawa Tribe (.10 mineral interest). The Cherokee Nation holds a.50 mineral interest. Between 1989 and 2001, the property was leased to Narconon, which operated a substance abuse rehabilitation center at the site.</p><br>
<p>In 2000, the Council of Confederate Chilocco Tribes was created by the Chilocco Treaty between the United States and the Kaw Nation, Otoe-Missouria Tribe, Pawnee Nation, Ponca Nation, and the Tonkawa Tribe. The treaty gave these nations joint authority to oversee and manage the former campus.</p><br>
<p>In 2006, Chilocco Indian Agricultural School was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In 2011, Chilocco was closed to the public and used as a training and practice facility for federal law enforcement personnel.</p><br>
<p>In October 2016, the Cherokees announced that they were leasing to PNE Wind more than 4,000 acres of Chilocco land for a wind energy project. Other portions were to continue to be leased as ranchland.</p><br>
<p>In November 2017, the Department of Homeland Security published a statement in The Newkirk Herald warning local residents it was conducting tests at Chilocco Indian School. The statement advised "in January/February and again in June/July 2018, particles will be released onto buildings of the Chilocco campus. It is to determine how well biological agents will penetrate into single and multi-family homes." The department stated these chemicals are nontoxic and nonhazardous, but many in the community of Newkirk, Oklahoma expressed skepticism. The Department of Homeland Security report on the test confirms the chemicals used were nontoxic. Permission to use Chilocco as the site of their test was granted by the Council of Confederate Chiloco Tribes.</p><br>
<p>In 2021, after the discovery of hundreds of graves at Canadian residential schools the Chilocco Alumni Association called for ground penetrating radar equipment to survey outside of the cemetery for unmarked graves.</p><br>
<h2>Notable alumni</h2><br>
<p>Clara Archilta, watercolor painter and beadworker, Kiowa-Apache-Tonkawa</p><br>
<p>Ernest Childers, Medal of Honor recipient, World War II, Creek</p><br>
<p>Woody Crumbo, artist, Potawatomi</p><br>
<p>William Henry "Lone Star" Dietz, football player and coach, Sioux</p><br>
<p>Durbin Feeling, Cherokee linguist, Cherokee</p><br>
<p>Charles George, Medal of Honor recipient, Korean War, Cherokee</p><br>
<p>Marlene Riding In-Mameah, silversmith, Pawnee</p><br>
<p>Jack C. Montgomery, Medal of Honor recipient, World War II, Cherokee</p><br>
<p>Bertha Shipley, first Navajo graduate of Chilocco, 1915</p><br>
<p>Wes Studi, actor, Cherokee</p><br>
<p>Johnny Tiger Jr., artist</p><br>
<p>Moses J. Yellow Horse, baseball pitcher, Pawnee</p><br>
<p>Forplaces with similar namesMemorial Hall </p><br>
<p>Memorial Hall is a convention and meeting hall built in 1924–25 in downtown Racine, Wisconsin. It is operated by the Racine Civic Center. It was given to the city as a gift by William Horlick, the original patent holder of malted milk.</p><br>
<p>The hall has played host to Barack Obama, John McCain, and others.</p><br>
<p>The structure is a 2-story auditorium designed by Chicago architect Howard Van Doren Shaw in Neoclassical style, with a 176x118 foot footprint. The front entrance is sheltered by a 2-story raised portico whose four Corinthian columns support an entablature. The hall was built in memory of war dead. Names of famous battles are inscribed on the west facade and above the auditorium doors is inscribed "The Noblest Motive is the Public Good."</p><br>
<p>Beginning in 2016, Memorial Hall also hosts the Racine Storm, a basketball team in the Premier Basketball League.</p><br>
<p>The Twaddle-Pedroli Ranch, also known as the Jackson-Harp Ranch, Rand Property and the Wilson Commons Ranch, was purchased by John Twaddle in 1869 for $5,000. The ranch, several miles to the north of Franktown, Nevada and adjacent to the Bowers Mansion, was then known as the Sturtevant Ranch. The property amounted to 630 acre.</p><br>
<p>John Twaddle sold the ranch in 1885 to the brothers Stefano and Anselmo Pedroli for $3,000. The Pedrolis were Swiss born Italian speakers who had worked as cattlemen in the Washoe Valley. After buying out Anselmo, Stefano developed a dairy business, shipping fresh milk and cheese to miners working the Comstock Lode. Pedrolis son, William, took over the ranch on Stefanos death in 1924.</p><br>
<p>On July 7, 1943, Eleanor Roosevelt visited the ranch while on a walk with her friend Gertrude Pratt, who was passing a period of residency at the Tumbling DW Ranch in order to obtain a divorce.</p><br>
<p>The Pedroli Ranch passed in 1948 to Harp Brothers, Inc. and was managed by John Jackson. The Willson/Rand family then owned the property from 1956 to 1986. In danger of commercial development, the property was purchased by the Washoe County Parks Department in 1986, under the stipulation that it be known as the Wilson-Commons Ranch., and became a county park. The park comprises only 25 acre, with 5 acre comprising the historic core of the ranch.</p><br>
<p>The structures do not include the main ranch house, which did not retain significant historic integrity and was demolished in 1998. Remaining structures include a horse barn, chicken house, dairy house, bunk house, tack house, and a privy, constructed by the Works Progress Administration in 1938-39 as part of the Nevada Fly-proof Privy Program. Several corrals also remain.</p><br>
<p>The property was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>A wildfire devastated a majority of the buildings including the barn in 2016, very little remains.</p><br>
<p>Casa de España is the headquarters of a private social organization whose members are those of Spanish descent in San Juan, Puerto Rico on Avenida de La Constitución in Old San Juan.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed in a Moorish Revival style by architect Pedro Adolfo de Castro. The building dates from 1934. Although it is named "Casa", it has never been a dwelling place for a family; rather it is a "house" whose members claim common ancestry. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, It is not open to the public, but private affairs may be arranged.</p><br>
<h3>Architectural details</h3><br>
<p>The building is a "typical" Moorish palace that is 119 ft wide by 158 ft long, with an interior rectangular courtyard, 51 ft by 85 ft long.</p><br>
<p>The fountain design outside the entrance is a copy of one in the "Patio de los Leones" at La Alhambra in Granada, Spain.</p><br>
<h2>Media</h2><br>
<p>The interior courtyard was used to film two coronation scenes for the Disney Channel Original Movie "Princess Protection Program" (2008).</p><br>
<p>Casa de España in San Juan, Puerto Rico.jpgCasa de España in San Juan</p><br>
<p>San Juan, PR - Old San Juan - Casa de España (7).jpgInterior of the building</p><br>
<p>San Juan, PR - Old San Juan - Casa de España (6).jpgTiled decoration of Don Quixote and La Mancha.</p><br>
<p>San Juan, PR - Old San Juan - Casa de España (1).jpgExterior</p><br>
<p>Collectie Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen TM-20016578 San Juan. Club Spanish House Puerto Rico Boy Lawson (Fotograaf).jpgRear view taken in 1964.</p><br>
<p>San Juan, PR - Old San Juan - Casa de España (2).jpgEntrance</p><br>
<p>Lowndes Grove, also known as The Grove or Grove Farm, is a waterfront estate built in about 1786 on the Ashley River in Charleston. It is located in the Wagener Terrace neighborhood on a triangular plot of land bordered by St. Margaret Street, 5th Avenue, and 6th Avenue. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places on August 30, 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John Gibbes built a house and garden with greenhouses on The Grove before the Revolutionary War.</p><br>
<p>In 1918, James Sottile purchased Lowndes Grove. Sottile owned and developed the Isle of Palms and later Sottile Farms, and by the time of his death in 1964, he was one of the richest people in America. Sottile developed much of the original land of the plantation into the streets and lots that surround the estate today.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, the home was purchased by the Patrick family who restored the property and made it an event venue. The house was featured in the Netflix series, Outer Banks (2020), as the set for the Cameron family&#39;s home.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>It is a -story frame house on a raised basement. The top one and one-half stories are frame construction. The lower story and basement are stucco-covered brick. The house was probably designed in the Georgian style, but its original appearance has been lost during the course of many renovations. It probably had a double portico, modified in about 1830 into a five-bay upper piazza with Doric columns and balustrades. The three center bays project forward and have a pediment and oculus. The piazza and house have entablature with modillion and dentil blocks. In the 1830 renovations, the house was extended toward the rear. The sides of the house have nine over nine lights.</p><br>
<p>The house has a hip roof that was covered with terra cotta tiles in the 1920s. There are two dormers on each of the sides and three dormers in the rear. The house has two interior chimneys with corbelled caps.</p><br>
<p>The interior has a four-room plan with central hallway. The ceilings and walls are plastered. The house has its original floors. Most major rooms are decorated in Adamsesque style with cornices, ceiling medallions, and carved mantels. The first and second story rooms on the northwest were decorated in Regency style when the house was enlarged. The first floor room toward the northeast was badly damaged in a fire during the 20th century. The room was rebuilt as a kitchen and library. The house has a spiral staircase with circular skylight.</p><br>
<p>Other usesLincoln Theatre </p><br>
<p>The Lincoln Theatre is a 582-seat performing arts venue located at 769 E. Long Street in the King-Lincoln Bronzeville neighborhood of Columbus, Ohio. The theater is owned by the City of Columbus under the auspices of the Lincoln Theatre Association. Operation of the facility is managed by CAPA. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Opened on November 26, 1928 as the Ogden Theatre, the theater was developed by the local entrepreneur Al Jackson and designed by architect Carl Anderson. It fulfilled a then pressing need of the African-American community in Columbus for its own entertainment and cultural center. Designed in the Egyptian Revival style, it originally offered films along with live vaudeville and musical performers. The large ballroom was also used for social events. The theater was renamed the Lincoln in 1939 and continued operating as a movie theater through the 1960s. It also regularly presented musical artists including local star Nancy Wilson, Count Basie, and Cab Calloway.</p><br>
<p>Closed from the early 1970s, the Lincoln was the object of numerous unrealized restoration projects in the following decades. Finally, in 2007, the current Lincoln Theatre Association led a coalition of supporters including the City of Columbus, Mayor Michael B. Coleman, Franklin County, and local businesses to launch a thorough renovation of the theater. Combining restoration of the original Egyptian-themed decorative elements with completely modern facilities, seating and stage equipment, the renovated venue reopened to the public on May 25, 2009 with an open house. The first performance featured Broadway star Maurice Hines on May 28, 2009. Hines was also named Artistic Director in Residence for the year 2009.</p><br>
<p>The theater is operated by CAPA and is creating partnerships with ten local performing arts organizations to present a varied slate of events. One of these, the Columbus Jazz Arts Group will present concerts at the theater and it will also operate a Jazz Academy in a new facility on the upper floors of the Lincoln building. The Jazz Academy will offer music education and coaching sessions and informal performances. The Columbus Gay Men&#39;s Chorus also performs two shows there each season.</p><br>
<p>The Lincoln Theatre is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Its restoration and reopening are a key part of the City of Columbus&#39;s long-term plan to redevelop the historic King-Lincoln neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>The Chicago Drive Bridge, also known as the Business Route M-21–Plaster Creek Bridge, is a bridge in Wyoming, Michigan, carrying Business Spur I-196  over Plaster Creek. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1916, the Michigan State Highway Department designed what was then designated as Trunk line Bridge No. 58 to carry Chicago Drive (a state trunk line) over Plaster Creek. They hired Grand Rapids contractors Hilding and Rabe to construct the bridge at a cost of $13,146.55 (equivalent to $ in ), which was shared with the Kent County Road Commission and the Grand Rapids Railway Company. The bridge was completed later that year, and until 1919 carried tracks for an interurban tram line. That year, the Grand Rapids Railway Company discontinued the line and removed the tracks. The bridge has served vehicular traffic since. The highway is part of Business Spur Interstate 196 (BS I-196).</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Chicago Drive Bridge is a 60 ft, filled spandrel arch bridge. Each end of the bridge has massive concrete abutments, with an elliptically shaped arch running between. The arch features a tapered arch ring cast integrally with the concrete spandrel walls. The bridge is topped with an asphalt roadway with concrete sidewalks on each side. The guardrails are made of solid concrete with recessed rectangular panels. Bronze plates inscribed with "Trunk Line Bridge" are mounted on the inside walls of the guardrails.</p><br>
<p>The Division Avenue–Plaster Creek Bridge was a historic bridge in Grand Rapids, Michigan, carrying Division Avenue over Plaster Creek. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. The bridge was demolished and replaced in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1913, the state of Michigan authorized the designation of a trunkline network of roads, stipulating that the Michigan State Highway Department would design, build and maintain any large trunkline bridges if the local government improved the adjacent three miles of road. A mainline route south of Grand Rapids was soon designated as a trunkline. However, the route crossed Plaster Creek on a timber pile bridge which was heavily deteriorated. In 1914, the Kent County Road Commission improved the adjacent three-mile stretch of the road, and the state agreed to replace the Plaster Creek bridge. The new bridge, designated Trunk Line Bridge No. 3, was designed by Michigan State Highway Department Bridge Engineer C.V. Dewart. The state contracted with the Illinois Bridge Company of Chicago to build the bridge, which was completed later in 1914 at a cost of $6,063.09. The route was later incorporated into US-131, and in 1935 the state widened the bridge from its original 28-foot roadway width to a 43-foot width. During this process the original concrete guardrails were replaced with standard steel rails. The bridge continued to carry vehicular traffic in to the 21st century. However, it was replaced in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Division Avenue Bridge was a 50-foot long, 43-foot wide spandrel arch bridge. It had an asphalt-surfaced roadway that with concrete sidewalks on each side. Standard steel rails lined the outside of the bridge. The arch was elliptical, and ended in massive concrete abutments on each end of the bridge. It had a tapered arch ring cast integrally into the plain-faced concrete walls.</p><br>
<p>The William H. Martin House is a historic house at 815 Quapaw Avenue in Hot Springs, Arkansas, USA. It was designed by the architect Frank W. Gibb in 1904 and built in the same year. It includes Colonial Revival and Classical Revival architectural elements. It is an imposing building with a two-story Greek temple portico supported by four fluted Corinthian style pillars. The portico&#39;s cornice is modillioned with scrolled brackets, and has a band of dentil molding. When built, the house was on the outskirts of Hot Springs.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>White Hall Plantation House is an 1840s Italianate and Greek Revival plantation house attributed to the architect Henry Howard and built in 1848-49 by Elias Norwood. It is located in Legonier, a hamlet on the east bank of the Atchafalaya River, today part of the unincorporated town of Lettsworth, Louisiana. White Hall&#39;s most notable owner and slaveholder was Bennet Barton Simmes, founder of Simmesport, state senator, and contributor to the Louisiana Articles of Secession prior to the Civil War. He is also said to have been a steamboat captain and Confederate general. The home is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Union General Nathaniel P. Banks used the house as a military headquarters in 1863. During the 20th century, the mansion was twice moved back from the encroaching river waters. In late 2013, after a decade of restoration work, the White Hall Plantation & Gardens were opened to public view for the first time.</p><br>
<p>The Oakland Plantation House which is also known as Youghall or Youghal Plantation House, was built about 1750 in Charleston County, South Carolina about 7 mi east of Mount Pleasant. It is located about 1 mi south of USA Route 17 on Stratton Place. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places on July 13, 1977.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John Perrie, who came from Ireland, acquired 982 acre in Christ Church Parish. He named the plantation after Youghal in County Cork. At his death in 1713, the plantation passed on to his daughter. Her husband conveyed the property to Captain George Benison in 1740. It is believed that he built the house. In 1755, Charles Barksdale acquired the plantation. The Barksdale family controlled the property for the next century.</p><br>
<p>In the 1850s, Mary Barksdale and her husband, James McBeth were the owners. McBeth was probably responsible for the name change to Oakland. In 1859, Philip E. Porcher bought the property. His descendants have owned it since.</p><br>
<p>Since 2009, the East Cooper Land Trust has protected about 133 acre of natural habitat that has been set aside under a conservation easement. Additionally, a portion of the land has been converted to commercial development.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The plantation house is a -story frame house with gambrel roof. The top one and one-half stories are frame construction on brick piers. It originally had chimneys on either end, but only one remains. Five steps lead up to a portico with a hip roof supported by two Tuscan columns that were added at a later date. It has a paneled door in the center of front facade with a four-light flush transom. Two nine-over-nine windows are on each side of the door.</p><br>
<p>A kitchen wing was added to the structure in the 1920s with a similar gambrel roof. The wing also has a circular window, double casements on the front, and doors connecting with the house windows. The rear elevation is similar to the front elevation except that it has a shed-roof porch supported by square stucco columns. The wooden floor of the porch has been replaced by a ground-level concrete patio.</p><br>
<p>The left side elevation has three nine-over-nine lights on each level and the central windows replace the chimney that was removed. The interior has four rooms without a central hallway. The door opens to a small foyer with staircase. The second floor has three bedrooms and a bath. The fireplaces with original Greek-motif mantels are in the corners of the room.</p><br>
<p>The original, detached kitchen, two smokehouses, and an oak-lined avenue remain.</p><br>
<p>McCabe Memorial Church, also known as Iglesia Metodista Unida de la Playa de Ponce, is a historic church building in Barrio Playa in Ponce, Puerto Rico. It dates from 1908, and was designed by Antonin Nechodoma. It was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 2008. It is one of four places such listed in Barrio Playa, the others being the USA Customs House, the Caja de Muertos Light, and the Cardona Island Light.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The church is built in the Neo Gothic heritage. It has a concrete foundation and walls, and a wood and corrugated metal roof. Built in 1908, the church was built as a house of worship for the Methodist congregation in Playa de Ponce. The roof was originally built of wood shingles. The church was named in memory of well-beloved Methodist Bishop Charles Cardwell McCabe, who died shortly before its construction (at a time, also, when the Methodist Church in Puerto Rico was a missional outreach of the Methodist Church in USA).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church was built at this location because of the prominent commercial role that the Playa barrio played in the early nineteenth century. For this reason the La Playa barrio also had fisheries, schools, hospitals, a cemetery, and a population of 5,169 distributed through a residential area dominated by wooden houses. There was also a Catholic church, the Virgen del Carmen Catholic Church, built there in 1882. "The vital importance of the Port of Ponce explains why it was targeted as an early site for the missionary work of the new Protestant churches that came to Puerto Rico, immediately after the Spanish–American War of 1898."</p><br>
<p>The church lot was acquired on March 31, 1906, after a donation of $400 by Bishop Charles McCabe Church construction began in 1907, and finished in 1908, at a final cost of $4,500. The locals christened the new church as La Iglesia Metodista de la Playa de Ponce (The Ponce Playa Methodist Church).</p><br>
<h2>Through the years</h2><br>
<p>In 1928 the San Felipe hurricane partly destroyed the church. It was quickly rebuilt by the locals, with the guidance of Catholic parish priest Gonzalo Noel. Through the years, the locals, regardless of religious affiliation "have embraced the McCabe Methodist church as one of their icons". In 1946, the church inaugurated the McCabe Memorial School, and locals sent their children there regardless of religious orientation. The original facility was known as the Robinson Methodist School, but was later changed to Rev. Julia Torres School, in honor of a local teacher and religious leader. In 1960, Reverend Julia Torres, born in La Playa, became the first woman in Puerto Rico to be ordained as a Methodist minister. She directed both the church and the school for almost 12 years.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The McCabe Memorial Church embodies the wide historic process of the establishment of the Protestant factions in Puerto Rico. In this respect, it defied the monopolistic control of the Catholic Church that had prevailed during the Spanish sovereignty over the Island. The church broke previous barriers as to the ideological separation of Church and State, when the opposite was the normal daily experience in Puerto Rican life. The church is also associated with an important icon of twentieth-century Puerto Rican architecture of the time, Antonin Nechodoma.</p><br>
<p>The Masonic Temple in Kent, Ohio is a historic building which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Built between 1880 and 1882 in the Italianate style, it was originally the home of Kent namesake Marvin Kent and his family. Construction was performed partially by locals and partly by master craftsmen from afar: the architect was Isaac Tuttle of neighboring Ravenna, but interior woodworking was performed by woodworkers brought from New York City. Members of Kents family lived at the house for slightly more than forty years before selling it to a Masonic lodge in 1923. Due to Marvin Kents national prominence in the Republican Party, many political leaders visited his house, including Presidents Benjamin Harrison, William McKinley, William Howard Taft, and Warren G. Harding; the guest room in which every president slept has been named the "President&#39;s Room" and preserved in its late nineteenth-century condition.</p><br>
<p>Built of brick on a foundation of sandstone, the Masonic Temple features miscellaneous elements of wood and sandstone placed under a slate roof. A brick wall is placed in front of the house, which features a wrap-around porch with a small pediment. The house&#39;s walls rise two and a half stories, with a taller tower at the center of the facade; the eaves under the tall pointed roof are supported by a cornice composed of dentilling.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register in 1974 and is also a contributing structure of the West Main Street District, listed on the NRHP in 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Kent Industrial District is a historic district in Kent, Ohio, United States, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Within the district are three buildings and two stone structures of historical significance. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. Kent namesake Marvin Kent was involved in several aspects of the districts development and the area would play a key role in the development of Kent during much of the 19th century. The earliest structures in the district date to the 1830s with the most recent historic structure, the livery and carriage shop building, dating to 1910. The area today is occupied mostly by the city of Kents Franklin Mills Riveredge Park, Heritage Park, and various private landowners.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early development</h3><br>
<p>The area that now comprises the historic district was attractive to early settlers due to potential power from the Cuyahoga River. John Haymaker, the first white settler in what is now Kent, built the first gristmill along the river just north of present-day Stow Street in 1807. Development along the river did not begin to pick up until the late 1830s with the construction of the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal and the hopes that the village, then known as Franklin Mills, would become a center for the production of silk. These events led to rampant land speculation along the river and resulted in the construction of much of what is today downtown Kent. The Panic of 1837 and the areas unfavorable climate for silkworms ended any hopes for the village becoming a silk industrial center. It was during this time, however, that the first parts of todays historical district were constructed. As part of the canal, a 19-foot stone arch dam was constructed with an attached lock in 1836. Zenas Kent, father of Kent namesake Marvin Kent, built a flour mill in 1837 on the site of the Haymakers first mill, just south of the current districts boundaries. He also built a tannery across the street from the mill which he operated with John Brown for a short time.</p><br>
<h3>Alpaca Mill</h3><br>
<p>In one of his first ventures as a businessman, Marvin Kent helped organize a group of investors to form the Franklin Mills Cotton Company in 1851. The group set out building a factory on the site of the silk mill, which had only been excavated in the 1830s before being abandoned. The exterior of the building was completed by the summer of 1852, but shortly thereafter the main investors pulled out and the company collapsed. Only the outside of the five-story building was completed while the inside remained unfinished for over twenty years. In 1878, James Turner came from Jamestown, New York, to seek a new location for an alpaca mill. After agreements were put in place with Marvin Kent, construction started on improvements to the building, which included a finished interior and a new water wheel for power. The mill opened September 4, 1879, and later included worsted goods. It would operate there for 10 years before moving to Cleveland in 1889. Later, from 1914 to 1928, the building served as a factory for the manufacturing of shirtwaists by the Cleveland-based L.N. Gross Company, operating as "The L.N. Gross Co. Shirt Waist Factory". By 1928, the factory employed 150 women and girls and the company was looking to expand. They eventually built their own building down the street.</p><br>
<h3>Railroad and bridge</h3><br>
<p>Another venture of Marvin Kent was the establishment of the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad and his role in having Franklin Mills selected not only as a stop on the line, but also as the location for the railroad shops. This led to construction of railroad tracks through what is now the eastern edge of the historic district beginning in 1853 and later the construction of a train station, which would open June 1, 1875. Soon after, in 1876, construction began on a replacement of the Main Street bridge, which previously had been a wooden covered bridge built in 1837. A stone arch bridge was built, which was completed in 1877. During the 1880s a second rail line was constructed through the current district by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, known today as the "lower tracks."</p><br>
<h3>Later history</h3><br>
<p>After the departure of the alpaca-worsted mill in 1889, the area which now comprises the historic district slowly declined in importance. The lock and dam were heavily damaged in 1913 during a flood that affected much of Ohio. The damage was heavy enough to cause residents to debate whether or not the dam and lock should be repaired or removed. Ultimately, they were repaired in 1925 due to their historic value. The Kent flour mill and Kent tannery (also known as the John Brown tannery) fell into disuse. The mill was torn down in the 1930s while the tannery lasted until 1976 when it was torn down as part of an environmental cleanup project. Also during the 1930s, land was donated to the city to create Franklin Mills Riveredge Park, which covers much of the current historical district along with Tannery Park, which occupies the site of tannery. The park features a boardwalk along the Cuyahoga River which closely follows the path of the mill race which originally ran from the dam to the flour and alpaca mills downstream.</p><br>
<p>Around 1910, a livery and carriage shop was built at the southeast corner of West Main and River Streets. This building would later serve as an automobile dealership in the 1970s and is today home to several offices.</p><br>
<p>The Atlantic and Great Western Rail Depot, later known as the Erie Depot, continued to be used as a train depot until January 6, 1970. At that point it was abandoned and boarded up. Its potential demolition in the early 1970s was one of the first major projects of the Kent Historical Society, formed in 1971, which purchased the building in 1975 and renovated it, occupying the second floor along with the Kent Chamber of Commerce until 2006. Just prior to purchasing the building, the historic district was formed which included the depot, being listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 30, 1974. In 1981, the Pufferbelly Restaurant moved into the lower floor of the old depot, and operated until 2017. Also during the early 1970s, Haymaker Parkway was constructed. The main bridge of the parkway, known as the Redmond Greer Memorial Bridge, essentially forms the southern boundary of the district, immediately south of the former alpaca mill.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing structures</h2><br>
<p>Stone arch dam and canal lock, built 1836</p><br>
<p>Alpaca-worsted mill (also known as the Silk Mill), built 1851</p><br>
<p>Atlantic and Great Western Rail Depot (also known as the Erie Depot), built 1875</p><br>
<p>Main Street Bridge, built 1877</p><br>
<p>Livery and carriage shop, built ca. 1910</p><br>
<p>Union Cemetery is a historic cemetery on Woodside Road  near El Camino Real in Redwood City, San Mateo County, California. The cemetery was named a California Historical Landmark #816 in 1967, then added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Founded in 1859, this is the site of the first American burial ground in San Mateo County, and was originally located just outside the town limits of Redwood City. The cemetery officially closed in 1918, but it was used for many years after that for burial of the poor. There are special cemetery plots for the Masonic Order, members of the International Order of Odd Fellows and the California volunteers who fought during the Civil War.</p><br>
<h3>Soldier statue</h3><br>
<p>The life-sized metal sculpture of a civil war veteran was erected during 1889 for a Memorial Day celebration, the earliest such celebration on the Peninsula. It was vandalized in 1958, 1959 and 1969, but was subsequently repaired, and in 1999 it was replaced with a replica constructed of more durable material.</p><br>
<h2>Notable graves</h2><br>
<p>Lester Phillip Cooley (1837–1882) was an early pioneer of East Palo Alto and Cooley Landing.</p><br>
<p>John Howell Sears (1823–1907) was an early pioneer of Searsville and La Honda.</p><br>
<p>Sarah Wallis (1825–1905) was an early Anglophone settler in California and first President of the California Woman Suffrage Educational Association.</p><br>
<p>Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church is a historic African American congregation and building in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. The congregation was established in 1868 mostly by free people of color from the south and the rest from the north. James W. Howard, a member of the congregation, bought property in a recent addition to the city and sold the southern half to the church for $50. This white frame church was built on the property the same year. Iowa City has always had a small African American community and over the years the congregation grew and declined in numbers and in finances. The original church, which is 600 ft&sup2; and has room for 50 people, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Plata Bridge , listed in Puerto Ricos bridge inventory as Bridge #374 and now also known as Antiguo Puente Plata, was built in 1908. It is significant as "the only extant large multi span truss bridge in Puerto Rico", according to its nomination document for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. It includes two Parker truss spans and was built in 1908. It brought what is now Puerto Rico Highway 167 across the Rio La Plata, spanning from Bayamon municipality and into Naranjito, and connected several mountain towns to the coastal road along Puerto Ricos north coast.</p><br>
<p>It consists of two steel Parker trusses, each span of length 42 m, atop massive masonry supports, 40 ft tall. The masonry includes ashlar buttresses and relief decoration. A contractor, Jose Lago, built its masonry supports for $9,000. The trusses cost $13,228 and were manufactured by the prolific American Bridge Co. They were installed by American Bridge Co.s subsidiary Groton Bridge Co. It was one of nine steel bridges built in 1908 that were financed by Puerto Ricos first public works bond issue, of 1906, which raised $1 million.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 At the time, the setting was relatively unchanged from its date of construction, although a modern bridge had been built adjacent to it. And it was deemed to have "a high degree of integrity of design, workmanship, feeling, association, materials, and setting." Its condition was then judged "fair".</p><br>
<p>It is now unused. The modern bridge that carries traffic is on the upstream side of the historic bridge. Faster connection to the coast is now provided by Puerto Rico Highway 5, which crosses the Rio la Plata on the cable-stayed Jesús Izcoa Moure Bridge about 2 mi downstream. On August 28, 2017 the bridge collapsed, thus being an unstable half of the historic bridge.</p><br>
<p>Puente La Plata mitad de Bayamon.jpgPlata Bridge remains</p><br>
<p>Vista del Puente La Plata desde la orilla.jpgWhat remains of the Plata Bridge from the shore</p><br>
<p>Rotura del Puente La Plata.jpgPart of Plata Bridge collapsed</p><br>
<p>The Iglesia San Ramón Nonato , in some sources also referred to as Iglesia San Juan Bautista y San Ramón Nonato , is a Roman Catholic parish church in the town plaza of Juana Díaz, Puerto Rico.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The parish was erected in 1798. The Baroque church building was built of plastered masonry starting in 1807 and underwent significant repairs over the years, including after the 1867 earthquake and during a 1970 project that included removal and replacement of the original roof. Nevertheless, the building retains most of its original design, construction, and materials, including masonry walls, towers, sacristies, interior arcades, dome, and wooden spiral stairway in the south tower. The church&#39;s placement in the town plaza and close to the town hall reflect the Crown-mandated urban design principles of the early 19th century. Important artworks in the church include wooden carvings of Saint John and the Sorrowful Mother, as well as a painting of the Crucifixion that may be the work of José Campeche.</p><br>
<p>The church building was entered on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1984, and added to the Puerto Rico Register of Historic Sites and Zones in 2001.</p><br>
<p>La Giralda in the Santurce barrio of San Juan, Puerto Rico is a four-story reinforced concrete house that was built in c. 1910. It was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>It is located at 651 José Martí Street, at Miramar Avenue, at the highest point of the Miramar neighborhood, and is believed to have been designed by architect Francisco Valinés Cofresí and includes eclectic architectural style, including Neoclassical and Victorian elements, on an irregular square plan with a rounded balcony at its corner. It is unusual for its complexity including a crossed gabled roof with pediments. It is regarded as a "historic jewel", the finest of 21 buildings surviving in Miramar from the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The Yauco Battle Site is the site of the Battle of Yauco between Spanish and American forces in the municipality of Guánica, Puerto Rico on July 25 and 26, 1898. It includes agricultural fields plus the main house and a slave building of Hacienda Desideria, a coffee plantation in a small valley about 4 km from the town of Guánica, which was headquarters of a Spanish military unit. It was the site of the first major confrontation in the Puerto Rican Campaign of the Spanish–American War.</p><br>
<p>A 127.013 acre area was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008. Non-contributing elements in the listed area include a portion of SR 166R, a 20th-century bridge, and Hacienda Quiñones&#39; main house.</p><br>
<p>The Park House Hotel, also known as St. Agathas Seminary and Burkeley Apartments, is a historic building located in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. The building was built in 1852 for Ferdinand Haberstroh. As the Park House Hotel, it catered to those who did business when the city was the capitol of Iowa, and it is one of the few remaining commercial buildings from that era. After Haberstroh died in 1860, the Rev. William Emonds of near-by St. Marys Catholic Church bought the property and its debt. Two years later the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary from Dubuque, Iowa opened St. Agathas Female Seminary. The building acquired its mansard roof in 1875. Classrooms were located on the first two floors and residential space for the sisters and students who boarded here were on the upper two floors. The school closed in 1909 and Albert Burkeley converted the building into a womens boarding house called "Svendi". After 1918 it became an apartment building known as "Burkeley Place", and it has been an apartment building ever since.</p><br>
<p>The building was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. In 2004 it was included as a contributing property in the Jefferson Street Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Nevada Brewery  is a historic building located at 107 Sacramento Street in Nevada City, California, United States. A brewery on the site dates back to 1857, with granite walls constructed in 1882. The Nevada Brewery&#39;s time of significance was during the period of 1850 through 1899. Though its original use was as a brewery, it later served the community as a restaurant, bowling alley, stable, and dance hall.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>In 1882, George Gehrig, a local businessman, hired Italian stonemasons and Chinese laborers to construct a building up the street from the blacksmith&#39;s shop. While the architect, builder, and engineer are unknown, the three-story structure was constructed from locally quarried granite blocks. The stone and wood building is 10,000 ft&sup2; in size.</p><br>
<p>Antique fixtures came from the Sarah and John Kidder home in Grass Valley, California.</p><br>
<p>Construction included a storage cave dug into the hillside,</p><br>
<p>After being vacant for more than two decades, the building was reopened as The Old Brewery with great crafted beer and food. It was renovated in 2004 and opened as the Stonehouse Restaurant, featuring an 1884 back-bar from Chicago, Illinois.</p><br>
<p>2008-2010 As Stonehouse Hospitality Academy trained many students who serve the community.</p><br>
<p>Since 2010, it became an event venues with a full bar, cave, two kitchens, and three dance floors. Diverse space for office, meeting, class, event, festival. It is located in the heart of downtown Nevada City, with full parking lot next to the Little Deer Creek.</p><br>
<h2>Historic recognition</h2><br>
<p>The Nevada Brewery was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on September 12, 1985.</p><br>
<p>A bronze plaque attached to the building states:</p><br>
<p>"The Old Brewery</p><br>
<p>Constructed of granite blocks from the Sierras about 1882 where Simon C Hieronimus and family brewed and served lager beer to Nevada City, Queen of the Northern Mines and hydraulic mining communities.</p><br>
<p>Dedicated April 21, 1985"</p><br>
<p>The Stonehouse was honored in 2008 by the California Heritage Council.</p><br>
<p>The Johnson County Courthouse in Iowa City, Iowa, the county seat of Johnson County, United States, was completed in 1901; it was the second courthouse to stand at this location. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Johnson County&#39;s first courthouse was a two-story frame structure built in 1838 in Napoleon. After the county seat was moved to Iowa City a 56 by, two-story brick courthouse, was completed in 1842. A jail was built at the same time. The first courthouse built on the present courthouse square was built about 1856, but the records are unclear as to its specifications. In 1875 a suggestion was made that the courthouse should be donated to the University of Iowa, and the city and county would build a joint facility. The measure was to be put to the voters, but it never appeared on a ballot. By 1897 cracks were detected on the south wall, endangering the structure and the records it housed. Construction on the present courthouse began in 1899. The building was completed in 1901 for approximately $111,000. Its slate roof was damaged in a 2006 tornado.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>A. William Rush of the Grand Rapids, Michigan architectural firm of Rush, Bowman and Rush designed the building. The courthouse was built on a square south of the central business district with a commanding view of the surrounding area. It is notable for its fine Berea sandstone exterior carvings and interior stained glass domes. Stylistically, it features characteristics of three architectural trends from the era it was built: the arched openings and massiveness of the Richardsonian Romanesque; the vegetal ornamentation of Louis Sullivan above the main entrance; and the voluminous geometric massing of the Shingle Style. The central tower rises out of the rectangular-plan building. The irregular roofline is composed of conical roofs, turrets and the step gables of the end pavilions.</p><br>
<p>The Salt Lake Hardware Building is a converted warehouse building, located at 155 N 400 West in Salt Lake City, Utah. In 1996, with the help of FFKR Architects, it was converted to office space for Albertsons operations, but currently it is used for commercial office space. The design was special in that it allowed the building to maintain the historic aspects. In 2001, the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. At that time there was a water tower on the roof; the tower has since been renovated and renewed. The building was built in 1909, just north of a depot of the Oregon Short Line Railroad.</p><br>
<p>The Fossil Cabin near Medicine Bow, Wyoming, United States, was built in 1932 as a roadside attraction. The cabin is built of dinosaur bones excavated at nearby Como Bluff, using a total of 5,796 bones. The cabin was built as part of a gasoline filling station along US 30 by Thomas Boylan. Boylan had come from California to homestead in Wyoming and had been collecting bones for seventeen years, intending to create sculptures of dinosaurs in front of his house and gas station along the Lincoln Highway.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Boylan was born in Humboldt County, California, in 1863. He arrived in Wyoming in 1892, working for sheep ranching operations until 1904, when he switched to cattle. Boylan filed for a homestead near Como Bluff in 1908, where extensive deposits of fossilized dinosaur bones had been discovered in the 1870s. His 5,796 bones weighed 102,116 lb. Initially intending to erect a complete skeleton, Boylan was daunted by the task, as well as the likelihood that few of the bones came from the same animal, or even the same species. Boylan, with the help of his son, built the 29 ft by 19 ft cabin in 1932 for the 1933 tourist season. By 1936 Boylan had postcards printed, calling it the "Como Bluff Dinosaurium." In 1938 the cabin was promoted in Ripleys Believe It or Not as "The Worlds Oldest Cabin", although many common rock formations predate the era of dinosaurs. After the Ripley mention, Boylan also called the cabin the "Creation Museum" and "The Building that Used to Walk."</p><br>
<p>Boylan died in 1947. Operated by his widow, Grace, the gas station continued until the 1960s, when the construction of Interstate 80 caused a fall-off in traffic on Route 30. Grace sold the property in 1974. The cabin has since been offered for sale. One potential buyer has proposed moving the cabin to North Carolina for display.</p><br>
<p>The Fossil Cabin was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Mulberry Hill is a historic mansion located at Lexington, Virginia that dest to around 1797. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It is currently the national headquarters of Kappa Alpha Order collegiate fraternity.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Rev. William Graham established Mulberry Hill plantation house around 1777. He was a Presbyterian minister who served as the rector fo Liberty Hall Academy (now Washington and Lee University).</p><br>
<p>Andrew Reid, the Rockingham County clerk of court purchased the plantation in 1797. He replaced Graham&#39;s house with a one-story brick house. His son, Samuel Reid, inherited the house and expanded it in the mid-19th century. In addition to following his father as clerk of court, he was an amateur architect and served as a Washington College senior trustee for fifty years. Robert E. Lee was a guest at Mulberry Hill for four nights in September 1865, where he met the trustee of the college before becoming its president.</p><br>
<p>Eleanor Junkin Cox Latane purchased Mulberry Hill in 1903. She hired local architect William C. McDowell to expand the house. Washington and Lee law professor Lewis Tyee Sr. purchased the house in 1931. He added a walled garden to the property. Lewis Tylee Jr. inherited the house from his father.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register on June 15, 1982. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in September 9, 1982. The state of Virginia Department of Historic Resouces holds a historic preservation easement on the property.</p><br>
<p>The Kappa Alpha Order Educational Foundation purchased Mulberry Hill and 7.7 acres from Tylee and has used it as the headquarters of Kappa Alpha Order since 2004. The Kappa Alpha a college was founded at Washington and Lee University.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Mulberry Hill was built in at least four different periods, ranging from the late 18th century to the early 20th century. The original one-story, double-pile core was built about 1797. T It interior features a central passage plan and elaborate provincial Georgian woodwork and plasterwork.</p><br>
<p>Ameatur architect and owner Samuel Reid designed a second story with a gable roof that was added in the mid-19th century. The common bond of the second story contrasts with the Flemish bond of the original house. The molding of the addition was in Italianate style.</p><br>
<p>In 1903, the house was again expanded under the authority of local architect William G. McDowell. He added the current front porch, a corbeled cornice, and two oval windows to the front of the house. He also raised the roof to add a hipped roof. The front of the house features decorated painted bondwork, including a red wash with gray penciling on the mortar joints. A walled garden was added to the property after 1931 and features a view of House Mountain.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Sumner School, established in 1872, was one of the earliest schools for African Americans in Washington, D.C. Named for the prominent abolitionist and United States Senator Charles Sumner, the school became the first teachers&#39; college for black citizens in the city and the headquarters of its segregated school system for African American students. It currently houses a small museum, a research room, art exhibits, and the archives of the District of Columbia Public Schools.</p><br>
<h2>Construction and naming</h2><br>
<p>The Charles Sumner School was built on land that had previously been used as a school site by the Freedmen&#39;s Bureau, created after the Civil War to provide support for freed slaves. The school was named for Charles Sumner, a prominent abolitionist and United States Senator from Massachusetts who fought, among other things, for the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia and for the right of black citizens to use streetcars in that city. The school opened in 1872.</p><br>
<h2>Use as a school</h2><br>
<p>An Act of Congress in 1862 had required the creation of schools for black children in Washington, D.C. However, it was not until 1873 that the responsibility for administration of the schools was removed from federal agencies and placed in local hands. At that point, separate superintendents were appointed to administer the education of white and black children in the city. Charles Sumner School was one of the first schools in this new school system, housing elementary school classes as well as the high school that eventually became Dunbar High School, graduating its first high school students in 1877. That same year, the school was renamed the Myrtilla Miner Normal School and became the Districts first teachers college for African Americans.</p><br>
<p>In addition to its role as a school, the building served as headquarters of the Superintendent and Board of Trustees of the separate school system for black students.</p><br>
<h2>Use as a museum</h2><br>
<p>By the 1980s the building had fallen into disrepair. Led by Richard Hurlbut, citizens of the district raised the $5 million necessary to renovate the building, a project that lasted two years, from 1984 to 1986. The newly renovated building, renamed the Charles Sumner School Museum and Archives, was used to house a museum, of which Hurlbut himself was curator, as well as the District of Columbia Public School Archives and associated reading rooms and meeting space. The D.C. Women&#39;s Hall of Fame is also located at the Charles Sumner School. It is also used for exhibit space by local artists and organizations. The building was added to the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites in 1978, and to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Schenectady City Hall is the seat of government of the city of Schenectady, New York, United States. Designed by McKim, Mead, and White, the building was constructed between 1931 and 1933. It is located on the block between Clinton, Franklin, Jay and Liberty streets. It is built in a revival of the Federal Style, the dominant style of American architecture from 1780 to 1830. Its most prominent features include the square clock tower, with its gold-leaf dome and weathervane, and the Ionic neoclassical portico.</p><br>
<p>The classically inspired architecture echoes the arched windows on the nearby post office, built two decades earlier. Both were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978; the post office was later listed separately as part of a statewide submission of post offices.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>City Hall is a -story brick building with a full-height central portico on the front and a semicircular projecting wing on the rear enclosing a rotunda. Its low dormer window-pierced hipped roof is topped with a clock tower and cupola with golden dome. Balustrades mark the roofline; on the front portico a pedimented entablature is supported by four fluted Ionic columns. Marble is used for pilasters, quoins and the rusticated raised basement.</p><br>
<p>Marble is also used extensively inside the building for stairs, flooring and wainscoting. Other decorative touches include the city&#39;s seal on brass doorknobs and intricately molded plaster cornices.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When the decision was made to build a new city hall in the late 1920s, due to the citys rapid growth since the 1880s, the city held a nationwide contest, which was won by the prominent New York City architectural firm McKim, Mead, and White (MMW). The exorbitant cost of the project, which was undertaken during the Great Depression, caused the building to be dubbed "Fagals Folly" after Mayor Henry C. Fagal. Their building went further in evoking the historical antecedents of Colonial buildings than most Colonial Revival buildings of the era, with enough neoclassical elements including a cupola styled after those on the buildings of Christopher Wren, that the building&#39;s style has been described as "neo-Georgian or neo-Federal".</p><br>
<p>At the cornerstone-laying ceremony, James McKellum Smith of MMW said the city government "recognize that they are now erecting a building which may still be the center of civic life in the Schenectady of 100 years from today". The building&#39;s interior layout has not been changed since then.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 11, 1978. Shortly afterwards a fire damaged the cupola. It was recently repaired.</p><br>
<p>The John Stewart Houses are a set of five rowhouses in Center City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They were all built in 1870 using the same Italianate design by Philadelphia architect John Stewart. They were listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 20, 1979.</p><br>
<p>Stewart bought the lots in 1870, while he, according to the deed, took out a $61,000 loan for construction of the buildings. Henry Phillippi, a carpenter who was apparently the contractor for the houses, received partial interest in several of them in the early 1870s. After Stewart died, the completed houses were sold in a sheriff&#39;s sale in 1874.</p><br>
<p>The Vanderbilt Lane Historic District is a small area along the street of the same name, just east of US 9 in Hyde Park, New York, United States. It was used for the farm functions of the nearby estate of Walter Langdon and, later, Frederick Vanderbilt. Most of its buildings date to the turn of the 19th century, with one remaining from the 1830s.</p><br>
<p>Many of its buildings and infrastructure remain intact. It is one of only two estate farm complexes on the east side of the Hudson that has not been razed and redeveloped. In 1993 it was recognized as a historic district and added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The district is composed of some larger lots on the north corner of the Route 9 junction, and some to the southeast of those, across the street. It is a 10-acre (4 ha) area with ten total contributing properties: five buildings, one structure (a well) and three objects (a gated stone wall and two fire hydrants).</p><br>
<p>All the lots are developed. The area nevertheless retains a pastoral quality, since the houses and buildings are small-scale frame, stone and brick constructions in the Federal or Shingle architectural styles. There is plenty of room for the large shade trees, lawns and landscaping. Vanderbilt Lane, which begins at Route 9 just opposite one of the lesser gates to the Vanderbilt estate, is also narrow, more like a driveway than a through street.</p><br>
<p>There are two properties on the north side of the lane: the superintendents house, a clapboard-sided one-story five-bay building on the west near Route 9, and a barn complex, partially destroyed by a past fire. On the south are a Federal-style frame herdsmans house, a shingle-sided coach house and a creamery.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When Vanderbilt bought the estate in 1895, the farm complex across what was then just the Albany Post Road was in disrepair. The herdsmans house, an 1830 one-and-half-story five-bay rectangular frame building with gabled asphalt-shingled roof, was built when Robert Langdon owned the property. It is the oldest building in the district and the only one whose location there precedes Vanderbilts ownership of the land.</p><br>
<p>Vanderbilt had the buildings on the north side constructed on the site of older counterparts. The architect is not known but it is likely that he hired McKim, Mead & White, which had designed not only his mansion but a nearby house for his secretary, for the job. They were completed in 1901.</p><br>
<p>The buildings the firm responded with are distinctive for their mix of exterior texture. The barn complex employs many aspects of the Shingle style, not only the wood shingle siding but the conical towers, rusticated stone ends, and cross-gabled roofs. The superintendent&#39;s house likewise uses much exposed wood. The creamery, across the street, is the most distinctive property in the district, a stone building with a hipped roof covered in wood shingles and pierced by a brick chimney.</p><br>
<p>In 1905, Vanderbilt had the coach house, originally part of the neighboring Sexton estate that stood just south of the superintendent&#39;s house, moved to the east in two sections. He used it to house his Belgian thoroughbred horses.</p><br>
<p>After Vanderbilt&#39;s death in 1938, his niece was persuaded to donate the mansion to the federal government for eventual use as a historic site. The Vanderbilt Lane properties were separated and subdivided at that time, all eventually being converted for residential use. They have been minimally altered since then.</p><br>
<p>Walker Center  is a skyscraper in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The building was opened on December 9, 1912, taking a little over a year to be built. It was originally constructed as the headquarters for Walker Bank, founded in Salt Lake City in 1859 by the Walker brothers: Samuel Sharp, Joseph Robinson, David Frederick, and Matthew Walker, Jr. The basement originally contained the vault for the bank, as well as a barbershop, florist, cigar store, and other shops. The main floor contained the bank, and upper floors were used as office space.</p><br>
<p>The St. Louis, Missouri-based architecture firm Eames and Young designed the structure, which is an example of the Chicago school design style.</p><br>
<p>Walker Bank was headquartered in the building until a 1981 merger with First Interstate Bancorp; First Interstate merged with Wells Fargo in 1996. Walker Center still operates as a multi-use office and business building, with leasing managed by Colliers.</p><br>
<h2>Weather Tower</h2><br>
<p>The Walker Center is topped by a 64-foot weather tower, which gives a weather forecast based on the color of the lights. A local radio station originally installed the tower when based in the building in the 1940s. The weather tower was taken down in the 1980s due to a city ordinance but the tower was replaced in 2008 with upgrades for safety and code compliance. The meaning of the tower colors are:</p><br>
<p>Blue: clear skies</p><br>
<p>Flashing blue: cloudy skies</p><br>
<p>Red: rain</p><br>
<p>Flashing red: snow</p><br>
<p>A common mnemonic used by residents to remember the signals given by the tower is</p><br>
<p>"Solid blue: skies are too,</p><br>
<p>flashing blue: clouds are due,</p><br>
<p>solid red: rain ahead,</p><br>
<p>flashing red: snow instead."</p><br>
<p>In December 2021, work began to upgrade the neon glass tubes to GLLS LED Neon Flex product. While the weather forecast will still be broadcast, the tower now will have "any color under the rainbow, as well as various animation effects” to promote holidays and other events.</p><br>
<p>The Keeseville Historic District is a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places containing 142 historic structures in Keeseville, in Essex and Clinton counties in New York, in the United States. The buildings, built between 1820 and 1936, are concentrated on the streets near the Ausable River, which runs through the center of the village.</p><br>
<p>The district contains well-preserved examples of industrial and commercial buildings, working-class houses, entrepreneurs residences, and two historic bridges spanning the Ausable River which divides the village and is the border between Essex and Clinton counties. Keesevilles architectural heritage includes regional examples of Classical, Gothic Revival, and Italianate design, many designed and built by noted local craftsmen Seneca and Isaac Perry, along with more modest structures; many of the structures are built of local river sandstone. In its historic setting and in the quality and variety of its historic structures, the Keeseville Historic District typifies the Adirondack water-powered mill community of the period 1820–1890.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>White River Junction Historic District is a historic district in the unincorporated village of White River Junction, within the town of Hartford, Vermont. It was first listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, and its boundaries were increased in 2002 and 2019. It originally encompassed the central portion of the village&#39;s business district, and was then expanded to include a broader array of resources.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The village of White River Junction is located in central eastern Vermont, at the mouth of the White River where it joins the Connecticut River. First settled in the 1760s, it was from the 1840s to the 1960s the most important railroad junction in northern New England, providing an interchange point between the Boston and Maine Railroad (originally known as the Connecticut River Railroad), the Vermont Central Railway, which served Burlington, the Passumpsic Rivers Railroad, which served Newport, the Northern New Hampshire Railroad, serving Concord, New Hampshire and Boston, Massachusetts, and the Woodstock Railway, serving Woodstock, Vermont. Its central business district is located southwest of a bend in the Vermont Central tracks, which roughly parallel the White River as it enters the Connecticut. Over the period of its economic height, the business area grew, mainly to the west and south, with residential areas in the surrounding uplands and across the White River. The village&#39;s economy declined after railroad service was reduced in the mid-20th century.</p><br>
<p>When first listed on the National Register in 1980, the historic district encompassed a portion of the central business district, oriented around the junction of Main and Gates Streets, extending only to Currier Street and across the railroad tracks to the historic passenger depot, which now serves Amtrak&#39;s Vermonter service. In 2002, its boundaries were enlarged to include most of the business district along with some immediately adjacent residential areas. The central portion of the business district is populated by mainly brick buildings, two and three stories in height, while its outlying areas (for example, further out on South and North Main Street), buildings are less densely spaced, and include some wood frame commercial buildings. The expanded historic district also includes the surviving railroad bridge across the White River, the 1884–1895 high school building located on the north side of the White River, and the Progressive Market, an important surviving example of a local ethnic market building.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Scott House is a Greek Revival plantation house located north of Louisiana Highway 5, about 3.5 mi east of Gloster in DeSoto Parish, Louisiana.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1858, the mansion has a pedimented two-story entrance portico with Doric posts and pilasters. At the time of its NRHP nomination it was in somewhat deteriorated condition.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 6, 1986.</p><br>
<p>10th Street Market, also known as the Swans Market, Oakland Free Market or the Sanitary Free Market, was a commercial market district in Oakland, California. 10th Street Market was built in 1917 and expanded in 1926. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places on August 3, 2001. It is now known as Swans Marketplaces, a mixed-use commercial and residential area. In 2001 Swan&#39;s Marketplace was awarded the Rudy Bruner Award for Urban Excellence silver medal.</p><br>
<p>Vernon County Courthouse is a historic courthouse located at Nevada, Vernon County, Missouri. It was built between 1906 and 1908. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The current Vernon County Courthouse was the third one to be built in Nevada; the first was a two-story building one block west of the present day courthouse. In addition to the court, it was also used for church services.</p><br>
<p>At the outbreak of the Civil War, the population of Nevada was 425. The first courthouse was burned during the Civil War. On 2 May 1863, a group of pro-Union militiamen from neighboring Cedar County stormed the courthouse, only to be killed by the Vernon County defenders. When the Union men did not return home, a larger militia force rode on Nevada. They gave the inhabitants 15 minutes to gather their belongings, then burned the entire town to the ground.</p><br>
<p>Within the courthouse on the arched walls outside the courtroom, beautiful painted murals of the prairie have long been hidden beneath layers of paint and need to be recovered. Also on the property is the contributing granite and bronze William Joel Stone Monument (1934-1935), a memorial to Missouri politician William J. Stone (1848-1918).</p><br>
<p>This building was sold, by auction, for $35,000, in June 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Van Buren County Courthouse is located at the corner of Griggs and Main Streets in downtown Clinton, Arkansas, the county seat of Van Buren County. It is a two-story masonry structure, built primarily out of local stone. Its main facade is five bays wide, each flanked by broad sections that project a small amount. The main entrance is in the center bay, with a concrete surround of pilasters and a tall corniced entablature. It was built in 1934 with funding support from the federal Works Progress Administration, and was the county&#39;s third courthouse to be located in Clinton.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Stone County Courthouse is a historic courthouse located at Galena, Stone County, Missouri. It was built in 1920, and is a three-story, Classical Revival style brick building on a concrete foundation meaning that it does not have a basement. It features two colossal, modified Doric order columns on a recessed wall plane at the second and third stories. It cost $47,600 to complete.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse is undergoing a $5 million, 14,000 square-foot expansion scheduled to be completed in summer 2019.</p><br>
<p>Thurston County Courthouse in Pender, Nebraska is a Late Victorian style building. It has also been known as 2nd Thurston County Courthouse and Pender School. It was built as a school in 1895 and was converted to a courthouse in 1927. Architect J.F. Reynolds of Sioux City, Iowa designed the conversion.</p><br>
<p>The 1927 conversion created permanent courthouse space adequate for the court, which was desirable to settle dispute within the county about the county seat&#39;s proper location. Pender, established in 1884, has always been the county seat of Thurston County, established in 1889, but during the early 1900s the town of Walthill struggled to obtain the seat instead. The First Thurston County Courthouse (also NRHP-listed) had inadequate space and the county leased additional space from the nearby Palace Hotel. As part of promoting a county seat change, Walthill proponents sued the county commissioners to dispute the leasing arrangement in a case that won in a lower court and then went up to the Nebraska Supreme Court, which upheld the leasing arrangement and reversed the lower court decision. Walthill also pursued a petition drive which failed after Pender advocates established that there was fraud in obtaining signatures. The controversy included other charges back and forth, and went on during 1909 and 1910.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Berkhimer Bridge is a high truss bridge built in 1899 located near Humboldt, Iowa. It spans the Des Moines River for 253.0 ft.</p><br>
<h2>Status</h2><br>
<p>Humboldt County Engineer Paul Jacobson speculated that Berkhimer Bridge may be closed due to an increase in traffic on the route. This is because the bridge is being used as an unofficial detour while work is being done on Highway 3 west of Humboldt. The bridge was closed on June 1 due to the stated concerns.</p><br>
<p>It was closed in 2001 and rehabilitated in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Kress Building, also known as S.H. Kress and Co. Building, is a Classical Moderne Art Deco building in downtown Fort Worth. Designed by New York architect Edward F. Sibbert, the five-story Kress building served the “five-and-dime” chain from 1936 through 1960 and was one of the only major construction projects in Fort Worth built using private money during the Great Depression. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. In 2016, the building was converted into downtown housing.</p><br>
<h2>1905-1960: Background and Kress Ownership</h2><br>
<p>The S.H. Kress company had a long-established presence in Fort Worth prior to 1936. The national chain of five-and-dimes first arrived in Cowtown in 1905 and since had moved into its third space in 1924. In 1936 it was determined a new structure was needed to handle growing business. Kress architect Edward F. Sibbert&#39;s design mimicked much of the flagship New York store’s design while making room for Meso-American accents (such as the stylized Mayan caps above the upper windows) popular throughout Fort Worth’s Art Deco buildings. Other key decorative features included an Italian marble floor and suspended second story ceiling that allowed for an expansive, pillar-less ground floor.</p><br>
<p>A technological marvel for its time, the Kress building was one of the first buildings in Fort Worth to be equipped with a central air-conditioning system. Additionally, a vermin-proof refrigerated room for the store’s confections drew considerable attention from the public. The Kress Company relocated at the end of December 1960 for the suburbs.</p><br>
<h2>1960-2004: Transition</h2><br>
<p>Following the relocation of five-and-dime business to a shopping center, the Kress Building housed Heritage Hall (a museum), a religious display, two women’s clothing stores, and the offices of Continental National Bank. In 1973 the building was purchased by Evelyn Clay O’Hara. In 1989 the short-lived “Kress Club” was located on the first floor, followed by the more successful Hyena Comedy Club in 1993. In 2001 the Club relocated to the larger basement of the tower to make room for a growing audience; the Fox and Hound sports bar took over the street level space.</p><br>
<h2>2005-Present: The “Kress Mess” and Mixed-Use Development</h2><br>
<p>In 2005 plans to renovate the upper floors of the Kress Building for conversion into downtown loft housing began. The multimillion-dollar project met a considerable financial and logistical challenge early on when a contractor blocked an incinerator shaft. The long-vacant upper floors of the building had been home to thousands of Mexican free-tailed bats, which became trapped between the walls. Dubbed the “Kress Mess” and “Nightmare on Houston Street” by the local press and animal rights activists, 1,800 bats perished while hundreds more, hungry and terrified, flooded through the Hyena Comedy Club and Fox and Hound restaurant, causing thousands in damages and inciting chaos. Volunteers managed to save several hundred stranded and injured bats, which were transported and released at Mineral Wells. Renovations were complete in 2006, although the building was later sold as part of a bankruptcy settlement. In 2007 the Kress Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The tower is currently owned by Mike Karns, CEO of the Firebird Restaurant Group.</p><br>
<p>The William Taylor House in Resaca, Georgia is a historic home, built in 1913, that was used as the town hall of Resaca before being torn down. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The house was deemed significant for its association with William Taylor, veteran of the American Civil War. And it was also deemed significant for its architecture, as a good example of a central hall plan house.</p><br>
<p>William Taylor lived in the house for the last 30 years of his life. In 1938, at age almost 90, he attended the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, where he was among 60 veterans from Georgia, and among the seven of those who fought for the Union.</p><br>
<p>Taylor was born on August 22, 1849, and he died October 15, 1944. Taylor is interred beside his second wife Laura in Resaca cemetery adjacent to the Resaca First Baptist Church.</p><br>
<p>Loch Dhu is a house in northwestern Berkeley County, South Carolina about 7 mi east of Eutawville, South Carolina. It was built around 1812–1816. It is located close to Lake Marion about 1.3 mi north of South Carolina Route 6 on Loch Dhu Lane. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places on July 13, 1977.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The plantation house was probably built by Robert J. Kirk, who was a planter. His son, Philip C. Kirk, inherited the plantation. The 1860 Agricultural Census listed 550 acre improved and 260 acre unimproved. He planted cotton, corn, and sweet potatoes. Philip Kirk also served in the South Carolina General Assembly from 1854 to 1864. He was a surgeon in the Confederate Army and used his plantation to nurse wounded soldiers.</p><br>
<p>When Lake Marion was constructed, many old plantation homes were lost to the waters. The Hanover House was moved to Clemson due to its architectural significance. Loch Dhu was on higher ground and survived. It is now on a hill with Lake Marion behind.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>It is a two-story clapboard house with a hip roof. It was built around 1812. The house has a brick foundation and a one-story porch. It has two interior chimneys.</p><br>
<p>The front has two closely spaced doors that enter different rooms. There are two nine over nine lights on each side. The upper story has five nine over nine lights. The middle window is off center. All the windows on the front elevation have shutters. The side elevations have three nine over nine lights on each level. The lower windows have shutters. The rear elevation has a modern, two-story addition. The clapboard siding has been bricked over.</p><br>
<p>The interior plan has four rooms on both levels. The first story has a drawing and dining on the front and smaller rooms in the rear with no central hallway. The upper floor has four rooms with a central hall. The floors in the house are original. The drawing and dining rooms have wainscoting, which is stained in the dining room and painted in the drawing room.</p><br>
<p>Additional pictures and a sketch of the first floor plan are available. The old separate kitchen, barn, and smokehouse remain.</p><br>
<p>The Blakeley Building is a historic commercial building at 475-479 Essex St in central Lawrence, Massachusetts. It is the only well-preserved 19th century remnant of a streetscape that extended for the entire block. The four story Classical Revival building was built in 1898 for Richard Barlow, at that time completing the block between Franklin and Hampshire Streets. Since then, the other buildings have either been demolished and replaced, or have been altered substantially. Construction is predominantly in brick, with granite and metal trim elements. The building houses retail establishments on the ground floor and office space on its upper floors.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Morton House, also known as Morton Mansion, is a historic home with Queen Anne style located at Webster Springs, Webster County, West Virginia that dates to 1912. It is a massive red brick dwelling set on a solid stone foundation, with a hipped roof and features a pair of -story turrets and each is topped with a conical shingled roof and capped with wooden finials. It also has a wraparound porch around 3/4 of the house.</p><br>
<p>It was the home of Eskridge H. Morton (1866-1940) a prominent local attorney and elected official in the West Virginia State Government.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The William Johnson House in Fruitdale, South Dakota, United States, is a bungalow house from c.1909. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The house&#39;s bungalow/craftsman architecture, of then current vogue, demonstrates that the tiny town was connected to the national marketplace. It is a nearly square building, with a deep front porch, and is unusual for having an elevator. It was built for William Johnson, a banker in Fruitdale.</p><br>
<p>McAllister House in Seiling, Oklahoma is a Bungalow/Craftsman-style house was built in 1920; it was built for Pat and Belva McAllister. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed notable architecturally as a Bungalow/Craftsman work, and as the only textured stucco-faced house surviving in Seiling.</p><br>
<p>The house has 14 rooms, seven gables and a total of 52 windows, counting 12 windows on its sunporch in the back. It was built at cost of $10,000 and has been regarded as the second finest home in Seiling.</p><br>
<p>The McAllisters were a prominent family in Seiling; James McAllister was the first mayor of Seiling.</p><br>
<p>The Broadway Tower, located in the Enid Downtown Historic District in Enid, Oklahoma, was constructed in 1931 by McMillen and Shelton Construction Company. The Broadway Development Company hired George Ernst von Blumenauer of Enid, and the Oklahoma City firm Layton, Hicks, and Forsythe to design the building, in the Art Deco style.</p><br>
<p>In 1943, Mr. Garrison Munger, Sr. purchased the building. It remained in his family&#39;s ownership until 1981. It is currently owned by Tower Investment Company and Oklahoma partnership. The building is the tallest in Enid at 14 stories tall. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1985.</p><br>
<p>After a fire destroyed the original Garfield County Courthouse, the Broadway Tower became a temporary courthouse location from 1932 to 1936.</p><br>
<p>In 2015 the building was closed to the public when portions of the brick exterior separated from the building. It was declared dilapidated by the City of Enid in 2022.</p><br>
<p>A skyline view of Enid, Oklahoma with Broadway Tower.jpgA skyline view of Enid, Oklahoma with Broadway Tower</p><br>
<p>Enid Broadway Tower 2.jpgLooking up at Enid&#39;s Broadway Tower</p><br>
<p>Enid Post office.jpgEnid Post office with Broadway Tower in the background</p><br>
<p>Enid skyline at sunset with Broadway tower.jpgEnid skyline at sunset with Broadway Tower</p><br>
<p>Enid Broadway Tower.jpgBroadway Tower</p><br>
<p>Pioneers Statue Enid.jpgPioneers Statue with Broadway Tower behind it.</p><br>
<p>Enid, Oklahoma downtown during Christmas.jpgBroadway Tower seen during Christmas season.</p><br>
<p>The Broadway Tower in Enid.jpgBroadway Tower</p><br>
<p>The Conklin House, the Johnson House, and the Kee House in Chandler, Oklahoma are</p><br>
<p>Colonial Revival houses from the pre-statehood era of Oklahoma that are recognized as significant by the "Territorial Homes in Chandler" MPS.</p><br>
<h2>Conklin House</h2><br>
<p>The Conklin House in Chandler, Oklahoma is a Colonial Revival house that was built in 1905. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 as part of multiple property submission for "Territorial Homes of Chandler".</p><br>
<p>It is a 2.5-story house with a large two-story balconied portico with pedimented roof, and a veranda supported by Tuscan order columns. One of the oldest houses in Conklin, it was regarded to be the "most impressive" in Chandler before Oklahoma&#39;s statehood and in early statehood years. It was built for E.L. Conklin, a leader in Chandler active in the Union National Bank of Chandler who also served as agent to the Sac and Fox Indians.</p><br>
<h2>Johnson House</h2><br>
<p>The Johnson House is a two-story white clapboard house, also with a pedimented two-tier portico. The columns supporting the pediment are Ionic order. It also has a veranda around two sides of the house, supported by five single-story Tuscan order columns.</p><br>
<h2>Kee House</h2><br>
<p>The Kee House was built in 1898. It has a two-story balconied porch and stained glass windows. It has polychromatic walls, including red brick on the first floor level and fish scale pattern wood shingles on the second. It was originally the home of United States Marshall Kee, then William Tilghman, and later A.E. Patrick, J.W. Adams, and P.D. Erwin.</p><br>
